科学堂

英国曼彻斯特大学科学家安德烈·盖姆与康斯坦丁·诺沃肖洛夫因在二维空间材料石墨烯的突破性实验获得2010年诺贝尔物理学奖。

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010 was awarded jointly to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov “for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene”

海姆和诺沃肖洛夫于2004年制成石墨烯材料。这是目前世界上最薄的材料，仅有一个原子厚。自那时起，石墨烯迅速成为物理学和材料学的热门话题。

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一个神奇的现象，在中国女生眼中，“物理学家”或者“物理系学生”是很吓人的。

如果某个物理系男生对女生说明他是学物理的，几乎立刻会获得“粪便效应”——该女生会对该男生立刻敬而远之。因为大多中国女孩认为，物理系的学生和自己不是一个星球的。

然而，把罪过都放在女孩身上也不公平。女孩对物理人士的畏惧，来自她们对物理人士的极端不了解。对一个不懂行的人来说，物理界最知名的两个人物一个叫牛顿，另一个叫爱因斯坦。前者太过久远，难窥庐山真面；后者对物理学家形象的贡献太过负面：乱七八糟的头发和大脑门和永远破旧的衣着。最重要的在于，她们中的许多人无法理解物理，认为物理深奥难懂晦涩无用，所以宁愿对工程系的家伙们投怀送抱，至少他们做出来的设计图是看得见的，摸得着的，用得上的；或者对工商管理的人送橄榄枝，尽管他们很多人是没有个性不知道未来在何方才选择的这个专业。

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分子纳器件研究进展及面临的挑战（学科简介及工作建言）

作者：韩汝珊

北京大学物理学院凝聚态所

北京大学纳米中心

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据诺贝尔奖官方网站消息：美国科学家Yoichiro Nambu（南部阳一郎，原籍日本）和日本两位科学家Makoto Kobayashi（小林诚）、Toshihide Maskawa（益川敏英）获得2008年诺贝尔（nobel)物理学奖，其中Yoichiro Nambu获得了500万瑞典克朗奖金（约合70万美元），Makoto Kobayashi、Toshihide Maskawa两人则分享了另外500万瑞典克朗奖金。

据报道，来自美国芝加哥大学的恩里科费米研究所的科学家Yoichiro Nambu因发现亚原子物理自发破缺对称性机制而获此殊荣。而日本筑波高能加速器研究社的Makoto Kobayashi和日本京都大学汤川理论物理研究所的Toshihide Maskawa因发现破缺对称性的来源（通过预言自然界至少存在三类夸克粒子）而获得该奖项。

This Internet site provides simple chemistry and physics experiments for students to perform with adults. The site features Reeko, the Mad Scientist, as the narrator who encourages student learning through his comical writing and interesting experiments. The experiments demonstrate a variety of concepts including flotation, momentum, and gravity, and range from easy to difficult. In one advanced activity, students build a miniature hovercraft from common materials including a balloon, cardboard, and a thread spool. Each activity offers instructions and a detailed scientific explanation of the phenomena. Students answer riddles, solve simple mathematics problems, and search the site for pictures to solve a mystery puzzle. For more information, the site provides a list of books, magazines, and web sites.

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The Physics Classroom Tutorial is an online physics tutorial written for high school physics students. The tutorial was originally developed for physics students at Glenbrook South High School in Glenview, Illinois.

The Tutorial covers basic physics topics using informative graphics and an easy-to-understand language. Each unit is broken up into lessons and sub-lessons. A lesson resembles the type and extent of coverage given to that physics topic in class. The sub-lessons are accompanied by Check Your Understanding sections, providing an opportunity to assess one’s understanding of the lesson material. The tutorial, when combined with other resources at this site provides a student of physics a great opportunity to learn and to test their understanding.

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A compendium of the currently accepted physical properties of Carbon Nanotubes. This page is intended for a general audience, nanotube researchers, and the interested public. Compiled by Thomas A. Adams II as a part of the honors chemistry research project.

Introduction

Carbon nanotubes, long, thin cylinders of carbon, were discovered in 1991 by S. Iijima. These are large macromolecules that are unique for their size, shape, and remarkable physical properties. They can be thought of as a sheet of graphite (a hexagonal lattice of carbon) rolled into a cylinder. These intriguing structures have sparked much excitement in the recent years and a large amount of research has been dedicated to their understanding. Currently, the physical properties are still being discovered and disputed. What makes it so difficult is that nanotubes have a very broad range of electonic, thermal, and structural properties that change depending on the different kinds of nanotube (defined by its diameter, length, and chirality, or twist). To make things more interesting, besides having a single cylindrical wall (SWNTs), nanotubes can have multiple walls (MWNTs)–cylinders inside the other cylinders. This web site is an ongoing effort to provide researchers, students, and other interested scientists with a central location for the exchange of current knowledge and information.

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